| Customization: | Available |
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| CAS No.: | 168316-95-8 |
| Formula: | C41h65no10 |
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APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, but at a site distinct from that of nicotine or the neonicotinoids.
Mode of action Active by contact and ingestion; causes paralysis.
Uses For control of pest Lepidoptera in row and vegetable crops (e.g. Alabama, Anticarsia, Autographa, Cnaphalocrocis, Colias, Earias, Diaphania, Diatraea, Epinotia, Helicoverpa, Heliothis, Hellula, Keiferia, Mamestra, Manduca, Ostrinia, Pieris, Plusia, Plutella, Pseudaletia, Pseudoplusia, Phthorimaea, Rachiplusia, Spodoptera, Trichoplusia spp.), and in fruit, nuts and vines (e.g. Acrobasis, Adoxophyes, Amyelois, Anarsia, Archips, Argyrotaenia, Capua, Choristoneura, Clysia, Cydia, Desmia, Endopiza, Epiphyas, Harrisina, Lithocolletis, Lithophane, Lobesia, Pandemis, Phyllocnistis, Phyllonorycter, Platynota, Anticarsia spp.); and for thrips (e.g. Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips spp., Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi), flies (e.g. Liriomyza spp., Ceratitis capitata), beetles (e.g. Leptinotarsa decemlineata), psyllids (Psylla pyri) and grasshoppers in agricultural crops, at 35-174 g/ha. Also used for urban pest control (e.g. Agrotis ipsilon, Spodoptera spp., Parapediasia teterella), in turf and ornamentals (e.g. Lepidoptera, Liriomyza spp., thrips, sawflies, chrysomelid beetles), tree nurseries and plantations (e.g. Choristoneura, Hyphantria, Lambdina, Lymantria, Malacosoma, Orgyia, Rhyacionia, Schizura, Thyridopteryx spp.), for structural control of drywood termites (e.g. Cryptotermes brevis, Incisitermes snyderi), and for fire ant (Solenopsis spp.) control. Effective as a bait for Fruit flies (Ceratitis spp., Bactrocera spp., Rhagoletis spp., Dacus spp., etc.) and some ants (Solenopsis spp.). Under development for use on livestock animals for control of chewing and sucking lice (e.g. Linognathus vituli, Bovicola ovis, Solenopotes capillatus) and flies (e.g. Haematobia irritans, Lucilia cuprina), and in livestock premises for control of nuisance flies (e.g. Stomoxys calcitrans, Musca domestica, Haematobia irritans). Also under development for use as a protectant for control of lepidopterous and beetle pests of stored grain (e.g. Plodia, Ephestia, Sitotroga, Rhyzopertha, Tribolium, Cryptolestes, Pieris, Oryzaephilus, Prostephanus spp.).
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals Spinosad is rapidly absorbed, extensively metabolised, and eliminated mainly via urine and faeces. Metabolites include glutathione conjugates and N- and O- demethylated macrolides. No residues of spinosad were found in meat, milk or eggs.
Plants On plant surfaces, DT50 1.6-16 d; degradation is mainly by photolysis. No residues of spinosad or metabolites were found in cotton seed.
Soil/Environment Rapidly degraded by uv light and soil microbes to naturally-occurring substances. Soil DT50 for aerobic metabolism 9.4-17.3 d (spinosyn A), 14.5 d (spinosyn D); the major metabolite from spinosyn A is spinosyn B (N-demethylation product); spinosyn D is metabolised similarly. DT50 for photodegradation on soil 8.7 d (spinosyn A), 9.4 d (spinosyn D). DT50 for anaerobic aquatic metabolism 161 d (spinosyn A), 250 d (spinosyn D). Adsorption Freundlich K for spinosyn A 5.4-323; not determined for spinosyn D (expected to be less mobile); for A metabolite (spinosyn B) 4.3-179. DT50 for field dissipation is ≤0.5 d, with no detectable radiolabel below 24 inches.
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